Water Reservoir

 

WATER RESERVOIR / FARM POND 



WATER RESERVOIR FOR AGRICULTURE , HORTICULTURE, AND FISHERY

Farm ponds are constructed for storage of water in the farmers’ field during rainy season from canals, bore wells, rainfall etc., and to provide life saving irrigation to the crops or orchards during peak / critical stages of summer to save the plants/crops from drying up. These are constructed by excavating the soil and depositing the earth on the banks to form bund. The HDPE geo-membrane sheet lining is laid in the excavated pond to arrest seepage and infiltration losses.



Purpose:  The purpose of the project booklets is to raise awareness and provide decision support information about the strategies that need to be emphasized

Dry land areas may be characterized by the following features:

1. Uncertain, rainfall-.distributed and limited annual rainfall;

2. Occurrence of extensive climatic hazards like drought, flood etc;

3. Undulating soil surface;

4. Occurrence of extensive and large holdings;

5. Practice of extensive agriculture i.e. prevalence of mono-cropping etc;

6. Relatively large size of fields;

7. Similarity in types of crops raised by almost all the farmers of a particular region;

8. Very low crop yield;

9. Poor market facility for the produce;

10.Poor economy of the farmers; and

11.Poor health of cattle as well as farmers.


The major problem which the farmers have to face very often is to keep the crop plants alive and to get some economic returns from the crop production. But this single problem is influenced by several factors, The rains are very erratic, uncertain and unevenly distributed. Therefore, the agriculture in these areas has become a sort of gamble with the nature and very often the crops have to face climatic hazards. The farmers also take up farming halfheartedly as they are not sure of being able to harvest the crops. Thus, water scarcity becomes a serious bottleneck in dry land agriculture. In dry farming all the farmers grow similar crops which are drought resistant. These crops mature at the same time and the growers like to dispose off their products soon after the harvest. This results in a glut of products in the market and the situation is badly exploited by the grain traders and middlemen. Therefore, marketing becomes a serious problem in dry farming areas. Only drought resistant crops namely oilseeds, pulses and coarse grains like jowar, bajra, millets etc. can be grown in dry land areas. Thus, the farmers have to purchase other food grains and household commodities that unbalance their economic position.

According to characteristics of dry farming, either there will be no rain at all or there will be torrential rain with very high intensity. Thus, in the former case the crops will have to suffer a severe drought and in the latter case they suffer either flood or water logging and they will be spoilt In case of very heavy downpour, the excess water gets lost as run-off which goes to the lakes and ditches etc. This water could be stored for providing life saving or protective irrigation to the crops grown in dry land areas. The loss of water takes place in several ways namely run-off, evaporation, uptake through weeds etc.


 Conclusion:

Even after utilizing all the available water resources, about 50% of our cultivable area will still depend on rains. Therefore, our agricultural scientists, policy formulators and farmers should appropriately realize the magnitude of role that. rainfed agriculture or dry land farming can play.

They should thoroughly examine the problems of dry land agriculture from different viewpoints and evolve appropriate technologies, crop varieties, etc. for these areas to better the economic position of the farmers. Dry farming areas need a much closer attention on effective storage of rain water and its utilization.


Creation of  farm water reservoir ...

Constructing low-cost farm ponds is proving to be a suitable water storage solution that can help mitigate drought-related losses. Construction of farm ponds, for example, has proved a promising option for rainwater storage that allows for critical and life-saving irrigation of traditional crops as well as other activities, such as planting of fruit trees, that can supplement diets and incomes. They hypothesized that relatively small investments into farm ponds could significantly increase farmers’ productivity and incomes. First, this boost would allow farmers to prevent crop losses during dry spells. Second, it would also give them enough security to be able to take risks in diversifying activities and experimenting with crop intensification, such as by taking on a second, post-rainy season crop, something that’s key to a sustainable future for dryland farmers.

Key messages

·        Drought-related losses threaten farmers’ livelihoods

·        Farm ponds are a low-cost, highly suitable water storage solution

·        Increased access to water for critical irrigation checks yield losses

 

The Ponds Project was designed to benefit farmers by improving the security of their continued agricultural operations. By building off-stream storage ponds, participating farmers would gain a more reliable water supply. In drought-prone area, one can never be guaranteed of ample water in each year, but diversion and storage of rain water would allow project partners to quantify available irrigation water before the planting of rubby crops, so farmers would be able to reduce the risk of overplanting relative to available irrigation supplies.

  

Project prepared by :  Ranjit patil mahalle

                                    Montiz incorporation Washim

                                    Email: montiz.incorporation@gmail.com

                                    Mob: 7972077124


Location: India

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